International structure
Main articles: International structure of cricket, International Cricket Council, and World Cricket League
The International Cricket Council (ICC), which has its headquarters in Dubai, is the international governing body of cricket. It was founded as the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909 by representatives from England, Australia and South Africa, renamed the International Cricket Conference in 1965, and took up its current name in 1989.
The ICC has 104 members: 10 Full Members that play official Test matches, 34 Associate Members, and 60 Affiliate Members.[44] The ICC is responsible for the organisation and governance of cricket's major international tournaments, notably the Cricket World Cup. It also appoints the umpires and referees that officiate at all sanctioned Test matches, One Day International and Twenty20 Internationals. Each nation has a national cricket board which regulates cricket matches played in its country. The cricket board also selects the national squad and organises home and away tours for the national team. In the West Indies these matters are addressed by the West Indies Cricket Board which consists of members appointed by four national boards and two multi-national boards.
Members
Main article: List of International Cricket Council members
Full Members
Full Members are the governing bodies for cricket in a country or associated countries. Full Members may also represent a geographical area. All Full Members have a right to send one representative team to play official Test matches. Also, all Full Member nations are automatically qualified to play ODIs and Twenty20 Internationals.[45] West Indies cricket team does not represent one country instead an amalgamation of over 20 countries from the Caribbean. The English Cricket team represents both England and Wales.
| Nation | Governing body | Member since | Current Test Rankings | Current ODI Rankings | Current T20 Rankings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Australia | Cricket Australia | 15 July 1909[45] | 4 | 4 | 7 |
 Bangladesh | Bangladesh Cricket Board | 26 June 2000[45] | 9 | 9 | 9 |
 England | England and Wales Cricket Board | 15 July 1909[45] | 2 | 2 | 5 |
 India | Board of Control for Cricket in India | 31 May 1926[45] | 3 | 1 | 3 |
 New Zealand | New Zealand Cricket | 31 May 1926[45] | 8 | 8 | 8 |
 Pakistan | Pakistan Cricket Board | 28 July 1953[45] | 4 | 6 | 2 |
 South Africa | Cricket South Africa | 15 July 1909A[45] | 1 | 3 | 6 |
 Sri Lanka | Sri Lanka Cricket | 21 July 1981[45] | 6 | 5 | 1 |
 West Indies | West Indies Cricket Board | 31 May 1926[45] | 7 | 7 | 2 |
 Zimbabwe | Zimbabwe Cricket | 6 July 1992[45] | – | 10 | 10 |
*Last Updated: 29-Dec-2012 | AResigned May 1961, readmitted 10 July 1991.
Top Associate and Affiliate Members
All the associate and affiliate members are not qualified to play Test Cricket, however ICC grants One Day International status to its associate and affiliate members based on their success in the World Cricket League. The top six teams will be awarded One day international and Twenty20 International status, which will allow the associate and affiliate teams to be eligible to play the full members and play official ODI cricket.
| Nation | Governing body | Member since | Current ODI Rankings |
|---|---|---|---|
 Afghanistan | Afghanistan Cricket Board | 2001[46] | 14 |
 Canada | Cricket Canada | 1968[45] | 16 |
 Ireland | Cricket Ireland | 1993[45] | 11 |
 Kenya | Cricket Kenya | 1981[45] | 13 |
 Netherlands | Koninklijke Nederlandse Cricket Bond | 1966[45] | 12 |
 Scotland | Cricket Scotland | 1994[45] | 15 |
Statistics
Main article: Cricket statistics
Organized cricket lends itself to statistics to a greater degree than many other sports. Each play is discrete and has a relatively small number of possible outcomes. At the professional level, statistics for Test cricket, one-day internationals, and first-class cricket are recorded separately. However, since Test matches are a form of first-class cricket, a player's first-class statistics will include his Test match statistics—but not vice versa. The Guide to Cricketers was a cricket annual edited by Fred Lillywhite between 1849 and his death in 1866. Wisden Cricketers' Almanackwas founded in 1864 by the English cricketer John Wisden (1826–1884) as a competitor to The Guide to Cricketers. Its annual publication has continued uninterrupted to the present day, making it the longest running sports annual in history.
Certain traditional statistics are familiar to most cricket fans. The basic batting statistics include:
- Innings (I): The number of innings in which the batsman actually batted.
- Not outs (NO): The number of times the batsman was not out at the conclusion of an innings they batted in.1
- Runs (R): The number of runs scored.
- Highest score (HS/Best): The highest score ever made by the batsman.
- Batting average (Ave): The total number of runs divided by the total number of innings in which the batsman was out. Ave = Runs/[I – NO] (also Avge or Avg.)
- Centuries (100): The number of innings in which the batsman scored one hundred runs or more.
- Half-centuries (50): The number of innings in which the batsman scored fifty to ninety-nine runs (centuries do not count as half-centuries as well).
- Balls faced (BF): The total number of balls received, including no balls but not including wides.
- Strike rate (SR): The number of runs scored per 100 balls faced. (SR = [100 * Runs]/BF)
- Run rate (RR): Is the number of runs a batsman (or the batting side) scores in an over of six balls.
The basic bowling statistics include:
- Overs (O): The number of overs bowled.
- Balls (B): The number of balls bowled. Overs is more traditional, but balls is a more useful statistic because the number of balls per over has varied historically.
- Maiden overs (M): The number of maiden overs (overs in which the bowler conceded zero runs) bowled.
- Runs (R): The number of runs conceded.
- Wickets (W): The number of wickets taken.
- No balls (Nb): The number of no balls bowled.
- Wides (Wd): The number of wides bowled.
- Bowling average (Ave): The average number of runs conceded per wicket. (Ave = Runs/W)
- Strike rate (SR): The average number of balls bowled per wicket. (SR = Balls/W)
- Economy rate (Econ): The average number of runs conceded per over. (Econ = Runs/overs bowled).
Scorecards
See also: Scoring (cricket)
A match's statistics are summarised on a scorecard. Prior to the popularisation of scorecards, most scoring was done by men sitting on vantage points cuttings notches on tally sticks. The earliest known scorecards were printed in 1776 by Pratt, scorer to the Sevenoaks Vine Cricket Club, but it was many years before his invention was widely adopted.[47] Scorecards were printed and sold at Lord's for the first time in 1846.[48]
The introduction of scoreboards revolutionised cricket by allowing spectators to keep track of the day's play. In 1848, Fred Lillywhite used a portable printing press at grounds to print updated scorecards. In 1858, the Kennington Oval introduced the first mobile scorebox, "a house on rollers with figures for telegraphing on each side". In 1881, the Melbourne Cricket Ground erected the first cricket scoreboard. The scoreboard, located at the western end of the ground, gave the batsman's name and method of dismissal.[47]
In popular culture
Influence on everyday life
Cricket has had a broad impact on popular culture, both in the Commonwealth of Nations and elsewhere. Cricket has had an influence on the lexicon of these nations, especially the English language, with such phrases as "that's not cricket" (unfair), "had a good innings", "sticky wicket", and "bowled over". There have been many cricket films. The term "Bradmanesque" from Don Bradman's name has become a generic term for outstanding excellence, both within cricket and in the wider world.[49]
The amateur game has also been spread further afield by expatriates from the Test-playing nations.
Books and games
See also: Cricket in fiction
C.L.R. James's Beyond a Boundary is a popular book about the sport. In fiction, there is English Author P. G. Wodehouse's 1909 novel, Mike.
Cricket is a popular motif in sports-related video games. Examples include Cricket Life 1 for the PC. See also list of Cricket video games.
Influence on other sports
Cricket has a close relationship with Australian rules football and many players have competed at top levels in both sports.[50] In 1858, prominent Australian cricketer Tom Wills called for the formation of a "foot-ball club" with "a code of laws" to keep cricketers fit during the off-season. The following year, Wills and other Victorian cricketers founded the Melbourne Football Club and codified the first laws of the game.[51] It is typically played on modified cricket fields and borrows terminology from cricket, such as "umpire" and "sledging".
In the late 19th century, a former cricket player, English-born Henry Chadwick of Brooklyn, New York, was responsible for the "development of the box score, tabular standings, the annual baseball guide, the batting average, and most of the common statistics and tables used to describe baseball".[52] The statistical record is so central to the game's "historical essence" that Chadwick came to be known as Father of Baseball.[52][53]
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